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PHP

1.1 Introduction

PHP is server-side technology, which means it doesn't run on the client, which is what a Web browser is.
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1.2 Data Type

PHP is loosely typed, which means it calculates data types as data is assigned to each variable.
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1.3 Constant

Constants have global scope, so they are accessible.
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1.4 Output

The simplest use of echo is to print a string as argument.
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1.5 Variables

Variable is Special type of container which can hold the value .
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1.6 Looping

Number of times-when you can tell by looking at the code how many times the loop will iterate.
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1.6.1 While

The while loop checks the condition expression as a Boolean—if it is true, it executes statement and then starts again by evaluating condition.
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1.6.2 Do-while

The statement is executed once, and then the expression is evaluated. If the expression is true, the statement is repeated until the expression becomes false.
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1.6.3 For

For statement, first the initial-expression is evaluated for once, to initialize variables then termination-check is evaluated,if it is false, the for statement ends, and if it is true, the statement executes.
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1.6.4 For each Loop

The foreach loop is used to loop through arrays.
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1.6.5 Break and Continue

Break is used in terminating the loop immediately after it is encountered.The break statement is used with conditional if statement.
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1.8 Branching

Two main structures for branching are if and switch.
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1.8.1 If-Else

When an if statement is processed, the condition expression is evaluated, and the result is interpreted as a Boolean value.
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1.8.2 Switch

Switch is a useful alternative for certain situations where you want multiple possible branches based on a single value and where a series of if statements would be cumbersome.
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1.9 Function

A function is a way of wrapping up a some part of code(Chunk) and giving that small name(Chunk), so that you can use chunk that later in just one line of code.
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1.10 Array

Arrays store element values in association with key values rather than index order.
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1.10.1 Creating an Arrays

Three main ways to create an array in a PHP script that happens to return an array as its value :
- By assigning a value into one.
- By using the array() construct.
- By calling a function.
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1.10.2 Some Sort Functions For Arrays

sort() :This Function sort arrays in ascending order.
rsort() : This Function sort arrays in descending order.
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1.11 String

Strings are sequences of characters. It can be treated as a string assigned to variables, given as input to functions, returned from functions, or sent as output to your user's Web page.
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1.11.1 String Concatenation Operator

When operator placed between two string arguments,produces a new string that is the result of putting the two strings together in sequence.
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1.11.2 String Functions

There are different types of String Functions :-
strlen() : use to find out length of string or string length.
strlen() : use to replace all instances of a particular substring with an alternate string.
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1.12 Forms

PHP is very efficient at passing data because the developers made a it very easy when they choose suitable design decision.
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1.11.1 GET Method

The GET method is use to pass arguments from one page to another of next page as part of the Uniform Resource Indicator(URI).
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1.11.2 POST Method

The POST method is used for form submission today, particularly in non idempotent usages, such as adding information to a database.
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1.13 OOP's

PHP is not an object-oriented language because OOP wasn't added until PHP 3. When PHP 5 was released in July 2004,the path of classes and objects work in PHP was changed originally.
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1.13.1 Class

A class is simply a representation of a type of object.It is the blueprint/ plan/ template that describe the details of an object.
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1.13.2 Object

An Object is a real world entity. An object can be considered a "thing" that can perform a set of related activities.
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1.13.3 Access Modifier

In Private access modifier,properties and methods can be accessed only within the class.
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1.13.4 Encapsulation

Encapsulation is to ascertain that each part of an application is seperate and doesn't interfere with any others. When defining a property in a class, you must specify whether it's public, private, or protected.
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1.13.5 Constructor and Destructor

PHP 5 provides two ways where you can write a constructor method inside a class. First way is to create a method with the name __construct() inside the class.
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1.13.6 Inheritance

Inheritance is feature in OOP where you can extend a class and create a completely new object. The new object keep all the functionality of the parent object from which it is extended or can override.
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1.13.7 Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the process of creating several objects from specific base classes.
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1.13.8 Abstract Class

An abstract class is same as interface,except that now the methods can contain body. An abstract class must also be "extended".
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1.13.9 Interface

Interface contains only the declaration of methods. If any class which implement this interface must contain the declared functions in it.
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1.13.10 Static Keyword

A static keyword is very important concept in OOP. Static method and properties play important role in Development.
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1.13.11 Final Keyword

If you declare method as final in super class it can't be overridden in any of its subclass.
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1.14 Exception Handling

PHP 5 introduces an exceptions objects to simplify your error . An Exception is any unusual condition that causes an alteration in program flow, such as a missing file or a null pointer.
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